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Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology | Volume 130 | Issue 2 | Research Paper
Research Papers: Fluid-Structure Interaction

A CFD Study of the Flow Field, Resultant Force, and Aerodynamic Torque on a Symmetric Disk Butterfly Valve in a Compressible Fluid

[+] Author and Article Information
Zachary Leutwyler

 Kalsi Engineering Inc., Sugar Land, TX 77478zleutwyler@kalsi.com

Charles Dalton

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-4006dalton@uh.edu

References 9-10 summarize the experimental work of Kalsi Engineering, Inc., which was documented in a proprietary report.

J. Pressure Vessel Technol 130(2), 021302 (Mar 19, 2008) (10 pages) doi:10.1115/1.2891929 History: Received November 27, 2006; Revised September 22, 2007; Published March 19, 2008
Article
References
Figures
Tables
Citing Articles

Butterfly valve performance coefficients are necessary for predicting the required torque necessary to operate the valve along with other essential parameters necessary for ensuring the safe operation. The availability of performance coefficients for compressible flow is limited, and experimental testing can be cost prohibitive. The capability of using computational fluid dynamics is a test to determine its viability for determining performance coefficients. The flow field, resultant force, and aerodynamic torque on a symmetric disk butterfly valve are studied computationally at disk positions 45deg and 70deg over a range of operating pressures. The range of pressure ratios was chosen to include subsonic and supersonic flow states. The flow fields were predicted using the k-epsilon renormalization group theory (RNG) turbulence model. The computational results were obtained using CFX 10 and were performed on an SGI ALTIX 330 . The flow field is illustrated using velocity contours colored by a Mach number, and the effects of the disk position and pressure ratio are illustrated using disk pressure profiles. The computational predictions for the aerodynamic torque coefficients are compared to test data at both 45deg and 70deg. A simplistic model used to predict the resultant force acting on the disk is compared against the computational results to obtain a better understanding of the resultant force trend throughout the stroke. The numerical results were generally in good agreement with test data, although a few disparities existed.
Copyright © 2008 by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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References

1
Sarpkaya, T., 1961, “Torque and Cavitation Characteristics of Butterfly Valves,” ASME J. Appl. Mech., 28 , pp. 511–518.
2
1982, "Lyon’s Valve Designer Handbook", J.L.Lyon, ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
3
McPherson, M. B., Strausser, H. S., and Williams, J. C., 1957, “Butterfly Valve Flow Coefficients,” J. Hydr. Div.83 , pp. 1167–1180.
4
Eldiwany, B., Sharma, V., Kalsi, M. S., and Wolfe, K., 1994, “Butterfly Valve Torque Prediction Methodology,” "The Third NRC/ASME Symposium on Valve and Pump Testing", Washington, D.C., July, Paper No. NUREG/CR-0137.
5
Steele, R., and Watkins, J. C., 1985, “Containment Purge and Vent Valve Test Program Final Report,” EG&G Idaho, Inc., Idaho National Laboratory, Report No. NUREG/CR-4141 EG-2374.
6
Morris, M. J., 1987, “An Investigation of Compressible Flow Through Butterfly Valves,” Ph.D. thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.
7
Morris, M. J., and Dutton, J. C., 1991, “The Performance of Two Butterfly Valves Mounted in Series,” ASME J. Fluids Eng., 113 , pp. 419–423.
8
Kalsi, M. S., Eldiwany, B., Sharma, V., and Somogyi, D., 2000, “Dynamic Torque Models for Quarter-Turn Air-Operated Valves,” "The Sixth NRC/ASME Symposium on Valve and Pump Testing", Washington, D.C., July 17–20, Vol. 3 , Paper No. NUREG/CR-0152.
9
Kalsi, M. S., Eldiwany, B., and Sharma, V., 2002, “Butterfly Valve Model Improvements Based on Compressible Flow Testing Benefit Industry AOV Programs,” "The Seventh NRC/ASME Symposium of Valve and Pump Testing", Washington, D.C., July 15–18, Vol. 4 , Paper No. NUREG/CR-0152.
10
Kalsi, M. S., Eldiwany, B. E., Sharma, V., and Richie, A., 2004, “Effect of Butterfly Valve Disc Shape Variations on Torque Requirements for Power Plant Applications,” "The Eighth NRC/ASME Symposium on Valve and Pump Testing", Washington, D.C., July 15–18, Vol. 5 , Paper No. NUREG/CR-0152.
11
Leutwyler, Z., and Dalton, C., 2006, “A CFD Study to Analyze the Aerodynamic Torque and Lift and Drag Forces on a Butterfly Valve in the Mid-Stroke Position in a Compressible Fluid,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.  [CrossRef], 128 , pp. 1074–1082.
12
Leutwyler, Z., 2004, “A Computational Study of the Flow Field Resulting Force, and Aerodynamic Torque on a Butterfly Valve Operating in a Compressible Fluid,” M.S. thesis, Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX.
13
ANSYS CFX-SOLVER , Release 10.0, Solver Theory Guide.

Figures

Grahic Jump Location
+The pressure contours are shown for the (a) upstream face and (b) downstream face of the disk at 70deg for a VPR of 0.96. The disk is oriented so that the leading edge is up and the trailing edge is down.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
The pressure contours are shown for the (a) upstream face and (b) downstream face of the disk at 70deg for a VPR of 0.96. The disk is oriented so that the leading edge is up and the trailing edge is down.
Figure 9

The pressure contours are shown for the (a) upstream face and (b) downstream face of the disk at 70deg for a VPR of 0.96. The disk is oriented so that the leading edge is up and the trailing edge is down.

Grahic Jump Location
+The velocity contours colored by the Mach number are shown for the symmetric disk at 70deg for a VPR of 0.39. The flow is from left to right, and the rough wake is no longer present.
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The velocity contours colored by the Mach number are shown for the symmetric disk at 70deg for a VPR of 0.39. The flow is from left to right, and the rough wake is no longer present.
Figure 10

The velocity contours colored by the Mach number are shown for the symmetric disk at 70deg for a VPR of 0.39. The flow is from left to right, and the rough wake is no longer present.

Grahic Jump Location
+The pressure contours are shown for the (a) upstream face and (b) downstream face of the disk at 70deg for a VPR of 0.39. The disk is oriented so that the leading edge is up and the trailing edge is down.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
The pressure contours are shown for the (a) upstream face and (b) downstream face of the disk at 70deg for a VPR of 0.39. The disk is oriented so that the leading edge is up and the trailing edge is down.
Figure 11

The pressure contours are shown for the (a) upstream face and (b) downstream face of the disk at 70deg for a VPR of 0.39. The disk is oriented so that the leading edge is up and the trailing edge is down.

Grahic Jump Location
+The resultant force coefficient CR for the 45deg and 70deg disk position as a function of VPR
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The resultant force coefficient CR for the 45deg and 70deg disk position as a function of VPR
Figure 12

The resultant force coefficient CR for the 45deg and 70deg disk position as a function of VPR

Grahic Jump Location
+The maximum values of the numerical predictions for CL, CD, and CR are compared to values of the model predictions using Eqs. 6,7
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The maximum values of the numerical predictions for CL, CD, and CR are compared to values of the model predictions using Eqs. 6,7
Figure 13

The maximum values of the numerical predictions for CL, CD, and CR are compared to values of the model predictions using Eqs. 6,7

Grahic Jump Location
+The torque coefficient Ct for the symmetric disk at 45deg.
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The torque coefficient Ct for the symmetric disk at 45deg.
Figure 14

The torque coefficient Ct for the symmetric disk at 45deg.

Grahic Jump Location
+The torque coefficient Ct for the symmetric disk at 70deg. Bars are used to represent the fluctuation about the mean value.
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The torque coefficient Ct for the symmetric disk at 70deg. Bars are used to represent the fluctuation about the mean value.
Figure 15

The torque coefficient Ct for the symmetric disk at 70deg. Bars are used to represent the fluctuation about the mean value.

Grahic Jump Location
+A rotated view of the symmetric disk model
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A rotated view of the symmetric disk model
Figure 1

A rotated view of the symmetric disk model

Grahic Jump Location
+The test setup used by Kalsi (9-10) consisted of a test valve located at least 20-pipe diameters downstream of a header line that connected three large pressurized tanks. Testing consisted of full blowdown tests (with the downstream section removed) and partial blowdown tests (with the downstream section present and the downstream butterfly valve either 45deg or 90deg opened).
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
The test setup used by Kalsi (9-10) consisted of a test valve located at least 20-pipe diameters downstream of a header line that connected three large pressurized tanks. Testing consisted of full blowdown tests (with the downstream section removed) and partial blowdown tests (with the downstream section present and the downstream butterfly valve either 45deg or 90deg opened).
Figure 2

The test setup used by Kalsi (9-10) consisted of a test valve located at least 20-pipe diameters downstream of a header line that connected three large pressurized tanks. Testing consisted of full blowdown tests (with the downstream section removed) and partial blowdown tests (with the downstream section present and the downstream butterfly valve either 45deg or 90deg opened).

Grahic Jump Location
+The surface model grid for the symmetric disk
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The surface model grid for the symmetric disk
Figure 3

The surface model grid for the symmetric disk

Grahic Jump Location
+The Mach number contours are shown for disk at 45deg at a VPR of 0.75. The flow is from left to right, and a rough wake region is visible downstream of the disk.
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The Mach number contours are shown for disk at 45deg at a VPR of 0.75. The flow is from left to right, and a rough wake region is visible downstream of the disk.
Figure 4

The Mach number contours are shown for disk at 45deg at a VPR of 0.75. The flow is from left to right, and a rough wake region is visible downstream of the disk.

Grahic Jump Location
+The pressure contours are shown for the (a) upstream face and (b) downstream face of the disk at 45deg for an VPR of 0.75. The disk is oriented so that the leading edge is up and the trailing edge is down.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
The pressure contours are shown for the (a) upstream face and (b) downstream face of the disk at 45deg for an VPR of 0.75. The disk is oriented so that the leading edge is up and the trailing edge is down.
Figure 5

The pressure contours are shown for the (a) upstream face and (b) downstream face of the disk at 45deg for an VPR of 0.75. The disk is oriented so that the leading edge is up and the trailing edge is down.

Grahic Jump Location
+The Mach number contours are shown for a disk at 45deg at a VPR of 0.22. The flow is from left to right, and the expansion of the gas downstream of the disk has suppressed the rough wake region present in the previous high-pressure ratio case.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
The Mach number contours are shown for a disk at 45deg at a VPR of 0.22. The flow is from left to right, and the expansion of the gas downstream of the disk has suppressed the rough wake region present in the previous high-pressure ratio case.
Figure 6

The Mach number contours are shown for a disk at 45deg at a VPR of 0.22. The flow is from left to right, and the expansion of the gas downstream of the disk has suppressed the rough wake region present in the previous high-pressure ratio case.

Grahic Jump Location
+The pressure contours are shown for the (a) upstream face and (b) downstream face of the disk at 45deg for a VPR of 0.22. The disk is oriented so that the leading edge is up and the trailing edge is down.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
The pressure contours are shown for the (a) upstream face and (b) downstream face of the disk at 45deg for a VPR of 0.22. The disk is oriented so that the leading edge is up and the trailing edge is down.
Figure 7

The pressure contours are shown for the (a) upstream face and (b) downstream face of the disk at 45deg for a VPR of 0.22. The disk is oriented so that the leading edge is up and the trailing edge is down.

Grahic Jump Location
+The velocity contours colored by the Mach number are shown for the 70deg disk position at a VPR of 0.96. The flow is from left to right and remains primarily unattached from the downstream face.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
The velocity contours colored by the Mach number are shown for the 70deg disk position at a VPR of 0.96. The flow is from left to right and remains primarily unattached from the downstream face.
Figure 8

The velocity contours colored by the Mach number are shown for the 70deg disk position at a VPR of 0.96. The flow is from left to right and remains primarily unattached from the downstream face.

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