Abstract
The lubricating oil distribution significantly impacts the lubrication and cooling of the connecting rod small end bearing during the splash lubrication. This study investigates the oil supply for the small end bearing with splash lubrication utilizing the smoothed-particle hydrodynamics. The oil distribution and inlet volume are analyzed under various engine speeds. The results reveal that the oil moves close to the piston surface and hardly enters the oil bores, resulting in oil wastage. The oil entering the bores might be thrown out due to the inertia, causing the oil inlet volume to fluctuate. With increasing engine speeds, the total oil inlet volume under the quasi-steady-state gradually diminishes, exacerbating the lubrication conditions.
References
1.
Prasad
, N. S.
, Ganesh
, N.
, and Kumarasamy
, A.
, 2017
, “Technologies for High Power Density Diesel Engines
,” Def. Sci. J.
, 67
(4
), pp. 370
–374
. 2.
Dong
, L. H.
, Liang
, X. Y.
, and Shu
, G. Q.
, 2013
, “The Influence of Lubricating Oil on Deposits Formation in a Diesel Engine Under the Operation Condition of High Power Density
,” Lubr. Sci.
, 25
(7
), pp. 441
–451
. 3.
Beatrice
, C.
, Di Blasio
, G.
, and Belgiorno
, G.
, 2017
, “Experimental Analysis of Functional Requirements to Exceed the 100 kW/l in High-Speed Light-Duty Diesel Engines
,” Fuel
, 207
, pp. 591
–601
. 4.
Sun
, S. C.
, Yang
, X.
, Zhou
, J. M.
, Yang
, J. G.
, Cai
, Y.
, Xie
, L. T.
, and Hu
, J.
, 2023
, “Lubrication Analysis of Small-End Bearings of Reciprocating Engines Based on Orthogonal Experiment
,” Appl. Sci.
, 13
(6
), pp. 1
–19
. 5.
Liu
, J. L.
, Xiang
, J. H.
, Qin
, W. J.
, and Zuo
, Z. X.
, 2022
, “Effect of Temperature Increase on the Looseness of Connecting Rod Small End Bushing
,” Eng. Failure Anal.
, 138
, pp. 1
–10
. 6.
Liu
, Y. C.
, Guessous
, L.
, Sangeorzan
, B. P.
, and Alkidas
, A. C.
, 2015
, “Laboratory Experiments on Oil-Jet Cooling of Internal Combustion Engine Pistons: Area-Average Correlation of Oil-Jet Impingement Heat Transfer
,” J. Energ. Eng.
, 141
(2
), pp. 1
–10
. 7.
Zeng
, X. R.
, Zhang
, J. H.
, Li
, L. M.
, Hu
, G. Y.
, and Xie
, W. M.
, 2022
, “Research on the Flow Control of a Piston Cooling Nozzle
,” Sci. Program. Neth.
, 2022
, pp. 1
–9
. 8.
Strozzi
, A.
, Baldini
, A.
, Giacopini
, M.
, Bertocchi
, E.
, and Mantovani
, S.
, 2016
, “A Repertoire of Failures in Connecting Rods for Internal Combustion Engines, and Indications on Traditional and Advanced Design Methods
,” Eng. Failure Anal.
, 60
, pp. 20
–39
. 9.
Zhu
, J.
, Zhu
, H.
, Fan
, S.
, Xue
, L.
, and Li
, Y.
, 2016
, “A Study on the Influence of oil Film Lubrication to the Strength of Engine Connecting Rod Components
,” Eng. Failure Anal.
, 63
, pp. 94
–105
. 10.
Allmaier
, H.
, and Sander
, D. E.
, 2020
, “Piston-Pin Rotation and Lubrication
,” Lubr.
, 8
(3
), pp. 1
–18
. 11.
Optasanu
, V.
, and Bonneau
, D.
, 2000
, “Finite Element Mass-Conserving Cavitation Algorithm in Pure Squeeze Motion. Validation/Application to a Connecting-Rod Small End Bearing
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 122
(1
), pp. 162
–169
. 12.
Concli
, F.
, 2016
, “Pressure Distribution in Small Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings Considering Cavitation: A Numerical Approach Based on the Open-Source CFD Code OpenFOAM®
,” Lubr. Sci.
, 28
(6
), pp. 329
–347
. 13.
Narumi
, Y.
, Ishimoto
, J.
, Kanayama
, D.
, Kuribara
, H.
, and Nakano
, Y.
, 2023
, “Computational Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Piston Pin Multiphase Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication With Unsteady Flow Channel Variation
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 145
(2
), p. 021603. 14.
Moghe
, S. S.
, and Janowiak
, S. M.
, 2017
, “Large Eddy Simulation of Cylindrical Jet Simulation Results With Experimental Data
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
, 139
(10
), p. 102811. 15.
Putintsev
, S. V.
, Pilatskaya
, S. S.
, Ratnikov
, A. S.
, and Ratnikov
, A. S.
, 2019
, “Visualization of Piston Engine Cylinder Oil-Jet Lubricating Process
,” J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
, 1177
, pp. 1
–6
. 16.
Schmidt
, M.
, Reinke
, P.
, Rabanizada
, A.
, Umbach
, S.
, Rienacker
, A.
, Branciforti
, D.
, Philipp
, U.
, et al, 2020
, “Numerical Study of the Three-Dimensional Oil Flow Inside a Wrist Pin Journal
,” Tribol. Trans.
, 63
(3
), pp. 415
–424
. 17.
Gao
, W.
, Nelias
, D.
, Lyu
, Y.
, and Boisson
, N.
, 2018
, “Numerical Investigations on Drag Coefficient of Circular Cylinder With Two Free Ends in Roller Bearings
,” Tribol. Int.
, 123
, pp. 43
–49
. 18.
Maccioni
, L.
, Chernoray
, V. G.
, Mastrone
, M. N.
, Bohnert
, C.
, and Concli
, F.
, 2022
, “Study of the Impact of Aeration on the Lubricant Behavior in a Tapered Roller Bearing: Innovative Numerical Modelling and Validation via Particle Image Velocimetry
,” Tribol. Int.
, 165
, p. 19
. 19.
Wingertszahn
, P.
, Koch
, O.
, Maccioni
, L.
, Concli
, F.
, and Sauer
, B.
, 2023
, “Predicting Friction of Tapered Roller Bearings With Detailed Multi-Body Simulation Models
,” Lubr.
, 11
(9
), p. 22
. 20.
Maccioni
, L.
, Chernoray
, V. G.
, Bohnert
, C.
, and Concli
, F.
, 2022
, “Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements Inside a Tapered Roller Bearing With an Outer Ring Made of Sapphire: Design and Operation of an Innovative Test rig
,” Tribol. Int.
, 165
, p. 10
. 21.
Maccioni
, L.
, Chernoray
, V. G.
, and Concli
, F.
, 2023
, “Fluxes in a Full-Flooded Lubricated Tapered Roller Bearing: Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements and Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations
,” Tribol. Int.
, 188
, p. 13
. 22.
Gingold
, R. A.
, and Monaghan
, J. J.
, 1977
, “Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics: Theory and Application to Non-Spherical Stars
,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
, 181
(2
), pp. 375
–389
. 23.
Yang
, X. F.
, Peng
, S. L.
, and Liu
, M. S.
, 2014
, “A new Kernel Function for SPH With Applications to Free Surface Flows
,” Appl. Math. Model.
, 38
(15–16
), pp. 3822
–3833
. 24.
Shadloo
, M. S.
, Zainali
, A.
, Yildiz
, M.
, and Suleman
, A.
, 2012
, “A Robust Weakly Compressible SPH Method and Its Comparison With an Incompressible SPH
,” Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng.
, 89
(8
), pp. 939
–956
. 25.
Lee
, E. S.
, Moulinec
, C.
, Xu
, R.
, Violeau
, D.
, Laurence
, D.
, and Stansby
, P.
, 2008
, “Comparisons of Weakly Compressible and Truly Incompressible Algorithms for the SPH Mesh Free Particle Method
,” J. Comput. Phys.
, 227
(18
), pp. 8417
–8436
. 26.
Hughes
, J. P.
, and Graham
, D. I.
, 2010
, “Comparison of Incompressible and Weakly-Compressible SPH Models for Free-Surface Water Flows
,” J. Hydraul. Res.
, 48
(sup 1
), pp. 105
–117
. 27.
Concli
, F.
, Schaefer
, C. T.
, and Bohnert
, C.
, 2020
, “Innovative Meshing Strategies for Bearing Lubrication Simulations
,” Lubr.
, 8
(4
). 28.
Ihmsen
, M.
, Cornelis
, J.
, Solenthaler
, B.
, Horvath
, C.
, and Teschner
, M.
, 2014
, “Implicit Incompressible SPH
,” IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Gr.
, 20
(3
), pp. 426
–435
. 29.
Tartakovsky
, A.
, and Meakin
, P.
, 2005
, “Modeling of Surface Tension and Contact Angles With Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
,” Phys. Rev. E
, 72
(2
), pp. 1
–19
. 30.
Morris
, J. P.
, Fox
, P. J.
, and Yi
, Z.
, 1997
, “Modeling Low Reynolds Number Incompressible Flows Using SPH
,” J. Comput. Phys.
, 136
(1
), pp. 214
–226
. 31.
Monaghan
, J. J.
, 1988
, “An Introduction to SPH
,” Comput. Phys. Commun.
, 48
(1
), pp. 89
–96
. 32.
Di Monaco
, A.
, Manenti
, S.
, Gallati
, M.
, Sibilla
, S.
, Agate
, G.
, and Guandalini
, R.
, 2011
, “SPH Modeling of Solid Boundaries Through a Semi-Analytic Approach
,” Eng. Appl. Comp. Fluid
, 5
(1
), pp. 1
–15
. 33.
Ferrari
, A.
, Dumbser
, M.
, Toro
, E. F.
, and Armanini
, A.
, 2009
, “A New 3D Parallel SPH Scheme for Free Surface Flows
,” Comput. Fluids
, 38
(6
), pp. 1203
–1217
. 34.
Monaghan
, J. J.
, and Kajtar
, J. B.
, 2009
, “SPH Particle Boundary Forces for Arbitrary Boundaries
,” Comput. Phys. Commun.
, 180
(10
), pp. 1811
–1820
. 35.
Offner
, G.
, Diwoky
, F.
, Schweiger
, C.
, and Baier
, W.
, 2013
, “Coupled Oil Film Lubricated Contact Simulation for ICEs
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. J.: J. Eng.
, 227
(J5
), pp. 447
–458
. 36.
Offner
, G.
, 2013
, “Friction Power Loss Simulation of Internal Combustion Engines Considering Mixed Lubricated Radial Slider, Axial Slider and Piston to Liner Contacts
,” Tribol. Trans.
, 56
(3
), pp. 503
–515
. 37.
He
, Z. P.
, Sun
, Y. G.
, Zhang
, G. C.
, Hong
, Z. Y.
, Xie
, W. S.
, Lu
, X.
, and Zhang
, J. H.
, 2015
, “Tribilogical Performances of Connecting Rod and by Using Orthogonal Experiment, Regression Method and Response Surface Methodology
,” Appl. Soft. Comput.
, 29
, pp. 436
–449
. 38.
Amjadi
, M.
, Pichitpajongkit
, A.
, Lee
, S.
, Ryu
, S.
, and Park
, I.
, 2014
, “Highly Stretchable and Sensitive Strain Sensor Based on Silver Nanowire-Elastomer Nanocomposite
,” ACS Nano
, 8
(5
), pp. 5154
–5163
. Copyright © 2024 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
