... developed by using the source code transformation automatic differentiation tool—Tapenade. An efficient time domain harmonic balance (HB) method with a complete rotor–stator interface coupling treatment is used to analyze multirow unsteady flow and adjoint fields. To stabilize the solution, the one-step...

..., a full viscosity discrete adjoint harmonic balance solver has been developed using algorithmic differentiation (AD), verified by a discrete linear solver based upon duality property, and then adopted to perform multi-disciplinary coupled design optimizations. To this end, a framework of multi-objective...